The Oxford University developed the Oxford referencing style and is known as Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA). OSCOLA is a foot style of referencing system in which the references are used at the bottom of each of the page. In the year 2000, it was Peter Binks, who had first introduced the referencing style after a consultation with the law students and the faculty at the Oxford University. This referencing style is considered different from that of the Harvard or APA styles.
Functions of Footnote and Referencing
Under the Oxford style of referencing the following are the functions that need to be considered:
Guidelines for formatting the paper
Citation and Foot Note
In general, when sources are being provided in a paper, a superscripts in inserted where the information is present. After inserting the superscript, the same number appears at the end of the page where the footnote reference is provided. The following table shows the footnote citation style for Oxford:
Type |
Citation of Footnote Example |
Book with one author |
1 H. Jonathan. Criminal Law, London: Macmillan, 2011 |
Book with 2 to 3 authors |
1 T.C. Kinner and J.R. Taylor, J.R., 1987. Marketing research: an applied approach, New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 1987, p.12 |
Book with more than three authors |
1J.M. Kocis et al., Inside private equity: The professional investor’s handbook, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2007, p.14. |
Journal |
1Tony Woodall, 'New Marketing, Improved Marketing, Apocryphal Marketing' (2007) 41 European Journal of Marketing. |
Online Newspaper Article |
1 The Forbes. “African Billionaire Fortunes Rise On Forbes 2018 List Of Continent's Richest”, 10 January 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2018/01/10/african-billionaire-fortunes-rise-on-forbes-2018-list-of-continents-richest/#1333b0dc2777. html, (accessed January 11, 2018). |
Web Document |
1 Wilderness Society Australia, 'Greenhouse Gases - Choking the Planet', The Wilderness Society, Hobart, TAS, Author, 2011, p. 6, https://www.wilderness.org.au/news |
Online Journal Article |
1 K.R. Moore, 'Was Pythagoras Ever Really in Sparta?', Rosetta, no. 6, Spring 2009, p. 5, http://www.rosetta.bham.ac.uk/, (accessed 10 September 2010). |
Reference List
There is always a reference list at the end of the paper apart from the footnotes provided as citations. List is provided in an alphabetical format by keeping the surname of the author followed by the name of the author. Even in case of reference list, there are some consideration that needs to be made and they are as follows:
The following table shows the reference list for Oxford referencing style:
Type | Reference List |
Book with a Single Author |
Jonathan, H. Criminal Law, London: Macmillan, 2011. |
Book with 2 or 3 Authors |
Frenkel, M., Hommel, U., and Rudolf, M. Risk management: challenge and opportunity, Berlin, Springer Science & Business Media, 2008. |
Book with more than 3 Authors |
Kocis, J.M., Bachman IV, J.C., Long III, A.M. and Nickels, C.J. Inside Private Equity: The Professional Investor's Handbook, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2009. |
Journal |
Tony Woodall, 'New Marketing, Improved Marketing, Apocryphal Marketing' (2007) 41 European Journal of Marketing |
Online Newspaper Article |
The Forbes. “African Billionaire Fortunes Rise On Forbes 2018 List Of Continent's Richest”, 10 January 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2018/01/10/african-billionaire-fortunes-rise-on-forbes-2018-list-of-continents-richest/#1333b0dc2777. html, (accessed January 11, 2018). |
Web Document |
Wilderness Society Australia, 'Greenhouse Gases - Choking the Planet', The Wilderness Society, Hobart, TAS, Author, 2011, https://www.wilderness.org.au/news, (accessed 25 January 2012). |
Online Journal Article |
Moore, K.R., 'Was Pythagoras Ever Really in Sparta?', Rosetta, no. 6, Spring 2009, pp. 1-14, http://www.rosetta.bham.ac.uk/, (accessed 10 September 2010). |